Cultural Attitudes Reflected In War. Vanissa Tsang. ....

Cultural Attitudes Reflected in War Vanissa Tsang Conflict is inevitable when rules have been dismissed or violated, or when something valuable has been stolen or damaged. The Israelites got involved with an internal war when Saul became jealous of David for being the Lord’s next chosen king; The Trojan War happened because Paris took Helen from Menelaus. Although war is a common form of conflict for the Israelites and Greeks, its objective differs by Israelites fight to gain God’s favor, or power, whereas Greeks roots from the honor of one self, legacy of the family, and reputation of the community. The start of wars with the Hebrews are influenced by the Israelites’ displease from or to God, or simple rule violations; Greeks’ wars†¦show more content†¦In Greek, Helen was Menelaus’ wife until Paris took her back to Troy. Because she was not fairly obtained as a prize through battle, Paris is ‘that man [who] robbed / of [Menelaus’] sumptuous, warm wife† (Iliad, III, 61-62). A wife is usually seen as a prized treasure to Greek and Trojan men alike, so when Helen was stolen, it was an insult to Menelaus’ pride. Had he done nothing about it, then the Greeks would be cowards for not fighting to claim back what was rightfully theirs, and letting anyone step over them and casually taking things from them. A war on pride was fought between Achilles and Agamemnon when Agamemnon took â€Å"Briseis in all her beauty, [Achilles’] own prize - / so [he] can learn just how much greater [Agamemnon is] than [him]† (Iliad, I, 2 18-219). Agamemnon felt that his time was taken away, and to replace what is being lost, he deliberately makes Achilles’ suffer through the same humiliation to restore his own glory and to assert his position as king. The attitudes that was brought into war is different between the Hebrews and Greeks, where Hebrews enter with uncertainty about their success and turnouts, while Greeks proceed with passion and excitement for honor. After Lord’s forsaken, Saul desperately â€Å"inquired of the Lord, but the Lord did not answer him† (I Samuel 28:6) when he saw Philistine’s force. This led him to resort to consulting Samuel’s ghost, which is a practice of necromancy, something

Essay on To Kill a Mockingbird A Lesson on Parenting

â€Å"No!† The child screamed. This one word comes out of the mouthes of young children all the time in contemporary society and it is directed towards their parents. When parents ask their children to do something, this is a common response. It is a usual response from children who think they have a right to challenge their parents’ authority. Children in the 1930s generally acted very differently towards their parents. A high degree of respect was expected from children by their elders. In modern society, this expected degree of respect has declined. Many theories exist to try to explain why the respect children give their parents is plummeting. This disrespect from children displays a great deterioration in civility in modern society. Since†¦show more content†¦If the request is finally carried out, it is many times done under protest (Cowen). Insufficient amount of respect for authority is shown by them, compared to children in the 1930s. There are many the ories and reasons why children now have a lack of respect for proper authority. One reason is that modern American parents have less time to properly discipline their children due to fathers and mothers extensive work schedules. They are generally rushed, so they will do whatever they can to have their children behave at the moment. These methods sometimes lead to poor decisions from the parents, such as giving in to the child’s demands to stop unwanted behaviors, such as tantrums (Cowen). Mass media may be another reason for this deterioration in authority. The media is everywhere, and it exerts great influence over today’s children. Children may choose to emulate certain characters from the media and think all of their actions are suitable. Frequently, these morals clash with those of the parents. The children may, consequently, look up to these icons in the media and use them, instead of their parents, as role models. In conservative American society, many of these actions are viewed as disrespectful. In the 1930s, mass media was much less extensive, thus its influence over children’s minds was much more limited. There are many additional speculations that can be explored toShow MoreRelatedAtticus Finchs Parenting Style Essay1099 Words   |  5 PagesFinch and His Parenting Style â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird†, an acclaimed novel by Harper Lee, is recognized throughout the world. The novel follows a lawyer and his children prior to and during a legal case to defend a black male. That lawyers name is Atticus Finch. Atticus Finch is not just an ordinary father. He teaches his children things no parent of the 1930s, or even the modern time period, would think of doing. His style parenting, compared to modern day parenting and parenting in the 1930s,Read MoreTo Kill a Mockingbird Essay Although most parents in the time setting of the novel To Kill a700 Words   |  3 PagesTo Kill a Mockingbird Essay Although most parents in the time setting of the novel To Kill a Mockingbird written by Harper Lee were very strict and punishing, Jem and Scout’s father Atticus was an exception. Atticus taught Jem and Scout through moral lessons and which was more effective than the traditional teaching method of punishment. Three examples of moral lessons Atticus teaches Jem and Scout throughout the novel are the importance patience and kindness, the importance to respect people andRead MoreTo Kill a Mockingbird Character Analysis Essay763 Words   |  4 Pagesrespectful, dignity attorney from To Kill a Mockingbird, as the greatest hero in 100 years of film history. Harper Lee published To Kill a Mockingbird in the 1960s and it immediately received huge acclaims from readers throughout the world. In the novel, Lee created Atticus Finch, the ideal parent of Jem and Scout, who gains much respect from his children and Maycomb inhabitants through series of events the family encounters in the n ovel. Throughout To Kill a Mockingbird, Atticus exemplifies the best qualitiesRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Two Birds One Stone By Harper Lee900 Words   |  4 Pages9 March 2016 Two Birds One Stone â€Å"You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view – until you climb inside of his skin and walk around in it† (Lee 30). To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee is a very vigorous story about the racial discrimination that was uncontrollable in 1930’s Alabama. The small town of Maycomb is segregated into two categories: white and black. They each have their own separate neighborhoods and churches. Rarely is such racism binded withRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1759 Words   |  8 PagesBased on the first six chapter of the novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, we can see that it moves at a rapid pace. It starts off as the beginning of summer and by the end of the sixth chapter an entire year has passed by. Throughout this year, we see Scout s, Dill s, and Jem s adventures during the summers and Scout going to school for the first time. We also receive some additional background information on the mysterious Arthur Boo Radle y. After reading this section of the book, if I could askRead MoreAtticus, The Exceptional Father957 Words   |  4 PagesAtticus, the Exceptional Father While one of the main themes of Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird is understanding another human’s perspective, it also happens to be a lesson that Atticus Finch, one of the main characters, teaches his children throughout the book. The storys protagonist, Scout, is a young girl from Alabama, whose father, Atticus, is asked to defend an African-American man who is charged with rape. The southern way of life during The Great Depression will not allow Tom RobinsonRead MoreEssay On The Truth In To Kill A Mockingbird1128 Words   |  5 PagesThe American actress Goldie Hawn once said that â€Å"the biggest lesson you can learn in life, or teach your children, is that life is not castles in the skies, happily ever after. The biggest lesson we have to give our children is truth† (Safire 99). In Harper Lee’s novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, Atticus Finch, a lawyer, emphasizes teaching his children the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth. To Kill a M ockingbird exposes the reader to several situations in Maycomb County, Alabama, inRead MoreAtticus Finch Character Analysis828 Words   |  4 PagesIn the midst of the Great Depression in Southern Alabama lay the dusty, sleepy town of Maycomb. The iconic, fictional setting of To Kill a Mockingbird, by Harper Lee, embodies a typical deep south city in the 1930s with a rigid social system, fueled by a deep-running fault of bubbling racism and discrimination. Aside from the disturbing relativeness of prejudice, the town is considered home sweet home for many of its typical families, like the Ewells, Cunninghams, and even Finches, who are quiteRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1559 Words   |  7 Pages The novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, was written by Harper Lee and published in 1960. The story depicts a family consisting of a father, Atticus Finch and his two children, Jeremy Finch (Jem) and Jean Louise Finch (Scout) in a racist southern town called Maycomb during the Great De pression. The major plot in the novel is one where Atticus, a lawyer, chose to defend Tom Robinson, an innocent black man accused of raping a poor white woman. Atticus’ choice to defend a black man was not well received byRead MoreAtticus Finch is a model parent who teaches his children valuable life lessons.771 Words   |  5 PagesParenting is one of the most challenging and rewarding tasks possible. In the novel To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee, Atticus Finch is a model parent who teaches his children important lessons about life. He teaches his children to respect themselves and others, to try their best to do what s right, and what real courage is. Atticus Finch is a very respected man in Maycomb. He shows respect to a lot of people including his children, the Negroes, his neighbours and Arthur Radley. When asked

Introduction To Health Safety Construction -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Introduction To Health Safety Construction? Answer: Introduction Risks are likely to occur during the project implementation stage. The only action which can be taken to ensure that the implementation stage continuous well is coming up with a perfect plan to mitigate the available risks. From the contract negotiation to the handover, risks are ever present. The risk plan therefore has to identify the risks available in the projects right from the contracting period (In Ratay, 2012). This will ensure that successful completion of the project is attained. Some of the key risks in the contractual documents include wrong contract sum awarding to the project. This will mean that the contract sum will not be able to complete the project and lead to stalling of the project. Involving proper personnel with experience will ensure that the project negotiation details are well done and ensure that the time allocation and project sum mare sufficient to complete the project. Another key risk which may be experienced is on the technical part of the project. Man y construction projects are able to stall due to lack of workable technical details. The technical parts are important. The contract must be able to analyze all the technical details and ensure they are well workable. This will ensure that the progress on work is not hinders through evaluation of the technical details when found they cannot be implemented on field. In addition, in order to ensure work progress is maintained, proper logistics must be placed on board. The logistics ensures that all the requirements are delivered to the team for them to ensure they complete the work on allocated team (Bissonette, 2016). In addition, the logistics ensures that all the project details are well clarified and issues are addressed on time. The logistics ensures that the contract period is well kept and works are completed on time for handover. Unclear plan on material deliver on site, payment of workers and poor quality materials are some of the logistical issues which may be experienced du ring the project execution. In addition, another area which has risks is the construction process. Lack of proper planning is one of the key risks which are experienced in the construction process. The WSI Blue Mountains TAFE project (19735 Project 4) is not different and likely to experience the same risk. Therefore proper planning to solve such risk and mitigate them are needed. The planning for mitigation of the risks needs to be done early enough to ensure proper project completion. In addition, financial risks are key problems which affect construction projects during project implementation. Proper contract agreements must be arrived at on matters of payment. Securing financial assistance early enough is a key resolution which will ensure progress of works is done well. Financial difficulties are key risks which are able to make project stall and lead to their incompletion. Proper address of the financial risks will ensure that the works continue well and completion timeline is met. In addition, addressing these risks will ensure that the workers are well motivated since they are able to receive their financial compensation on time. This paper will analyze all these risks and look at different ways which can be implemented to mitigate them in relation to the WSI Blue Mountains TAFE project (19735 Project 4) project. Risk Assessment All processes are able to carry some level of risk in them. This is the same in construction project implementation. The major part for the projects is to identify the risks and be able to come up with a mitigation plan (Pritchard, 2015). The risk assessment is able to help in the risk identification in the different processes of the project implementation. This will be done in relation to the WSI Blue Mountains TAFE project (19735 Project 4) project. This part will identify the different risks which are likely to occur and assess their level of occurrence. The risks are likely to affect the project output and therefore their output is important to ensure that the work progress is not affected. Identification The contractual process is important for any project implementation. There are key risks which are likely to affect the implementation or a project once the contractor is chosen. Proper detail analysis is one of the processes which must be done by the contract. This includes the site visitation to ensure that the working conditions in site are well laid off (In Fraser, In Simkins In Narvaez, 2015). Land issues and risks are key risk which has been able to hinder the start off of projects at different site. This happens where the contractor is not aware of the working site and has not done any background check on the site. Proper site visitation and site background checks are able to mitigate the risk of the contract being unable to kick off the work. Site search is a key process which can be done to ensure that this type of risk does not happen. This has to happen before the contract is signed to ensure work is not affected. The site managers, contractor and the project owners are k ey stakeholders which can be involved in this process. In addition, analysis of the contract details is important before contract signing for the contractor. The contractor has to involve qualified personnel to check the documents. This included proper preparation of the different document such as bill of quantities to ensure proper pricing is done for the different elements. Improper pricing of element will lead to financial risks. This will lead to the project being unable to be completed due to lack of financial support. Brainstorming is a key process which will be involved in this process to identify the risks. Involving professional will ensure that the risks are mitigated and their occurrence is reduced as much as possible. The analysis of the risks in this process must be analyzed before contract signing and work starts. This will ensure that the documents provided must be analyzed well by a professional. In addition, logistics processes are able to lead to key risks in the project implementation. The payment issues are some of key logistical issues which may alter the implementation process of a project. Lack of proper payment of workers may lead to strikes which may affect the working plan and schedule. The project managers are able to play a key role in ensuring that the payment issues are well enhanced (Smith, Merna, Jobling, 2014). In addition, ensuring proper payment plan will ensure the issues and risk of financial strikes are well solved. The plan on when to pay the workers can be done at the beginning of the project. This will ensure that the workers logistics are well solved and ensures that the workers issues are well solved. In addition, the logistic issues have to make sure the different materials are delivered when required on site. Lack of material deliver can result to stalling of the working schedule. The logistical issues regarding materials may also involve the qua lity required. The logistic team has to make sure that they consult well on what is needed and when it is required. This will minimize the material logistic issues and the materials are well delivered. Financial issues are highly likely to affect the working conditions in construction sites. Lack of timely payment and delivery of financials high affect the working progress for many projects. In this project, analysis of payment details and schedule must be delivered and ensure that the finances are available all through the project span. In addition, proper planning details must be done early enough to ensure that the contractor wont depend on client to finance the progress of works. In addition, construction risks are likely to affect work progress. This involves key issues which include the safety factors during working (Hughes Ferrett, 2016). Wrong understanding of the technical details may lead to wrong construction which will likely to affect the implementation. The set up of substandard structures which are not defined in the technical details will increase the cost of implementation of the project. OSHA teams together with the project management team play a key role in redu cing and analysis the construction risks. Brainstorming process to ensure that the construction process goes well for the WSI Blue Mountains TAFE project will be effected. The teams will ensures that the construction issues such as safety are well identified and mitigation mechanisms are enhanced. Analysis and Evaluation The contractual risks may affect the whole implementation cycle. Lack of enough finances may lead to complete stalling of the project. The contract risks must be mitigated to ensure that all parties are able to benefit and enhance the quality of work delivered. In addition, the contract risks may affect the quality of work being done. Short implementation period and budget may lead to the contractor delivering substandard work. In addition, longer time taken to resolve the contract disputed may lead to extension of project timelines. This will mean delays on start off of the project and therefore delay in completion time. The likelihood of the contractual risks occurring depends on the analysis contract documents. Contractual risks occurrence likelihood is usually low and their impact to the impact is high whenever they occur. Technical risks are also costly affair for the construction projects. The availability of the technical risks may likely affect the working progress. For instant, wrong understanding of the technical drawings may affect the working schedule (Taylor, 2000). This will mean that the project will take longer than it is scheduled. In addition, the cost of the project may escalate due to the technical risks. For instance, wrong understanding of the may lead to wrong working which will later lead to demolishing of the structure. The timeframe and costs of the projects will escalate due to the technical risks. For the WSI Blue Mountains TAFE project, technical issue will be able to affect the time and cost. This may lead to lack of completion of the project. The technical risks have highly likelihood of occurring during the start of the project. Nevertheless, with proper professionals, the likelihood is low and the seriousness is usually low with the proper type of worker force. The logistical risks may arise from different framework in WSI Blue Mountains TAFE project. The materials quality can be able to affect the quality of output. This will even affect the design lifetime of the project during use (Hassani, 2016). In addition, in another perspective, the logistical issues can be experienced when the workers issues are not well addressed in time. This will leads to issues of strikes which will affect the timeline schedule of the project. In addition, the time taken to complete a project will define the cost factors for the project. The increased timeline will mean that the cost of the WSI Blue Mountains TAFE project will increase. The likelihood of the risk to occur depends with the handling of the logistical issues by the logistic team. Careless handling of the issue will increase the likelihood of the issue to occur. When they occur, the impact and seriousness is usually high and has great impact on project progress. In addition, financial issues are able to affect the timeline for project implementation. The financial risks are able to affect the work quality and lead to reduced benefits of project. If not handled early, the financial risks have highly likelihood of occurring. Overall, the financial risks have a medium likelihood of occurring in WSI Blue Mountains TAFE project. Seriousness Likelihood Low Medium High Extreme Low N D C A Medium D C B A High C B A A Risk Mitigation The mitigation plan will highly depend on the seriousness and likelihood of the risk occurring in the WSI Blue Mountains TAFE project. The classification of the mitigation plans will depend on the category which the specific risks are able to fall (Lock, 2016). The urgency on solution and mitigation plan will depend on the time of risk occurrence and the way it is able to affect the progress of works in the project. As identified, the risks classified in category A have the greatest negative impact on the projects and are highly likely to occur on the projects. The impacts are able to reduce on the projects from category A, B, C, D and N. The financial risks are likely to occur and will able to be classified under category A. the impact of these risks are able to affect the progress of the works in this projects and therefore will be given high priority incase of their occurrence. Proper financial plans will be laid and checked on after very month. This plan will be able to identify any occurrence risks of these plans. The project management team will have a crucial role in assessing the likelihood of the risks occurring during the analysis period. The analysis will mean that the budget of the project is control and kept at the assigned amount. Another category of risks will be classified on class B. these risks will have a high impact on the project and high likelihood of happening. Nevertheless, their impact will not be able to match the impact on the risks in class A. some of the key risks which can be categorized in this class in WSI Blue Mountains TAFE project include the wrong materials delivery, design faults risks and construction risks. In order to mitigate the risks, proper personnel will be involved in the different stages of the construction in this project. This will ensures that each process is carried out according to the set plan. The engineers and logistics team will be able to carry out most of mitigation plans in the risks in this category. These risks will be able to create crisis on the budget since they will be able to escalate the budget when they occur. Another class of risks in this project will be on class C. this will involve risks which have medium likelihood of occurring and medium impact on the project. In order to resolve these risks, time can be taken to analyze and they can be mitigate with time. Logistic issues involving workers welfare are some of the risks which are able to fall on this category. In addition, safety risks in this project will be classified under this category. Proper analysis of the risks occurrence will be taken and their point of occurrence be mitigated. The involved people will be drawn from the specific field where the risk is able to occur. For instance, in case of the security issues, the OSHA and workers welfare team will be involved to mitigate the risk. Analysis of the risk occurring will be carried out in monthly basis to ensure any loopholes of the risks occurring are mitigated. Lastly class D and N will be other categories of risks which will be found on this project. These classes involve risks which have low likelihood of occurring and also attribute to low level of impact on the project. Construction risks such as lack of understanding of the technical materials will be classified on this category. Risk Monitoring Monitoring the risks will be a vital tool which will be used in WSI Blue Mountains TAFE project. The monitoring will be time which will be taken for the team to review the mitigation plan and level at which the different processes are at risk of occurring (Bissonette, 2016). The risk monitoring will highly borrow from the risk occurrence and likelihood process. In addition, for the different risks, the report to the project manager and steering committees will be delivered different. Under the risk monitoring, the schedule will be able to indicate the frequency on which the report will be delivered. In addition, the steering committee will be able to check only the risk monitoring report on class A and B. the project manager will be able to review all the report according to the monitoring schedule. Risk type Involved personnel. Monitoring schedule Delivering report to steering committee A Project manager and client Weekly Weekly B Contractor and project manager Weekly Monthly C Contractors Monthly Monthly D OSHA team Monthly Monthly N Contractor, workers Daily Weekly Roles and Responsibilities In WSI Blue Mountains TAFE project, there are different team members who have key roles in ensuring that the risks are well identified and mitigated. The members will have different responsibilities to ensure that risk identification and analysis process goes well (Pritchard, 2016). Lastly, the team will ensure that the perfect mitigation measures are put in place to ensure that the project is completed on time as it is scheduled. The following three team members will have the highest responsibility in the risk management plan. The teams will be able to identify the risks, access them and their impacts to the project and lastly come up with the plan which they will execute to mitigate the risks. Steering Committee The steering committee will have the highest responsibility of monitoring the projects progress. In addition, they will be involved in the monitoring of the key risks which are likely to have the greatest impact on the project. This team will be involved in the analysis of the risks in category A and B. for all the risks, the steering committee will be involved in the risks identification and analysis process. They will then handover the monitoring of the other risks to other teams and collaborate with the project managers to monitor the mitigation of risks in class A and B. The committee will be able to receive the report on these risks on weekly and monthly basis respectively. They will analyze the reports and therefore come up with any suggestions to enhance the mitigation plans. Any updated on risk register during implementation process will be forwarded to the steering committee through the project manager. Project Manager The project manager will be a vital member in WSI Blue Mountains TAFE project. The project manager will come up with the guide of preparing the risks management plan. He will be involved in all the risk identification, assessment and mitigation plans for this project. The manager will be vital in monitoring the management plan for the risks and able to identify the challenges involved (Lock, 2016). Through this the project manager will be able to come up with new ways of mitigation and emerging risks or better ways of mitigating the available risks. In addition, the project manger will be able to provide the key reports to the steering committee on the risk management plan for the risks in class A and B. The project manager will be able to provide any changes which the project team has done on the field to enhance the implementation of the risk management. Project Team The project team will have the greatest responsibility of assisting the project manager in risk identification, analysis and mitigation. In addition, the team will be able to suggest any new methods which can be applied to mitigate the risks and therefore be updated on the registry. Throughout the WSI Blue Mountains TAFE project, the project team will be able to mitigate and implement the risk management plan. They will be able to report any risk which had not been captured to the project manager. References Bissonette, M. (2016). Project risk management: A practical implementation approach. Newtown Square, Pennsylvania : Project Management Institute, Inc. Hassani, B. (2016). Scenario analysis in risk management: theory and practice in finance. Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://public.eblib.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=4729547. Hughes, P., Ferrett, E. (2016). Introduction to health and safety in construction: For the NEBOSH national certificate in construction health and safety. London ; New York : Routledge, Taylor Francis Group. In Fraser, J. R. S., In Simkins, B. J., In Narvaez, K. (2015). Implementing enterprise risk management: Case studies and best practices. Hoboken, New Jersey : Wiley. In Ratay, R. T. (2012). Temporary structures in construction. New York, N.Y: McGraw-Hill Education LLC. Jackson, B. J. (2010). Construction Management JumpStart: The Best First Step Toward a Career in Construction Management. Hoboken: John Wiley Sons, Inc. Lock, D. (2016). Project management in construction. London: Routledge. Pritchard, C. L. (2015). Risk management: Concepts and guidance. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, Taylor Francis Group. Smith, N. J., Merna, T., Jobling, P. (2014). Managing risk in construction projects. Chichester, West Sussex, United Kingdom : John Wiley Sons Inc. Taylor, M. (2000). Avoiding claims in building design: risk management in practice. Oxford, England: Blackwell Science.

Why Is the Investment Appraisal Process so Important free essay sample

This concept of a target payback could be employed in the case of projects A and B above. The payback target is 3 years, so project B should be accepted because it pays back after 2 years 9 months where as project A payback only after 3 years and 4. 8 months which is more than the target. The longer the time period for receipt of cash, the greater the risk. C) What are the criticisms of the payback period? Payback is the number of years it takes to recover the initial investment. It is expressed in time or years. It is normally defined as the period, usually expressed in years, which it takes the cash inflows from an investment project to equal the cast outflows. There are three important criticisms of the payback period method. The first is clearly fundamental and relates to the fact that cash flows after the payback period are ignored. So it could be the case that whilst a project produces a large net cash flow (i. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Is the Investment Appraisal Process so Important? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page e. , where cash inflows significantly exceed outflows), they are generated in the later part of the project and may be ignored as this is after the payback period. For example, in the case of project A and B in this question , project B was preferred because of its shorter payback period, but overall project A generates more cash inflows, totaling ? 2,10,000 as compared to only ? 2,00,000 in the case of project B. However, project A`s cash inflows were mainly earned in the later years. The second criticism of the payback method is that it relates to the method not taking account of the time value of money, similarly to the ARR. However, it does not have value in situations where the useful life of the project is short and difficult to predict. Japanese firms, particularly in consumer electronics, use the payback method when evaluating new products since the product life cycle can be quite short and a new product can be made unexpectedly obsolete by changes in technology. For example, imagine we have to choose between two alternatives that each require an initial investment of ? 4000. Option A returns ? 1000 at the end of fourth year. Option B returns ? 4000 at the end of fourth year. NPV, Net Present Value, allows us to value a company’s assets at their correct current value, normally end of the year and when the accounts are prepared. The calculation of NPV takes into account the assets original cost, less all accumulated depreciation allowed against that asset in previous tax computations. To make long term investment like purchasing land, buildings, machinery a firm have to earn an income greater than the fund committed. In order to handle these decisions, firms have to make an assessment of the size of the out flow and the inflows of the funds. One of the most important steps in the capital budgeting cycle is working out if the benefits of investing large capital sums outweigh the cost of these investments. Business organization can used two ways. ) traditional methods and 2) discounted cash flow techniques.

Buffer Definition - Chemistry and Biology

Buffer Definition - Chemistry and Biology A buffer is a  solution containing either a weak acid and its salt or a weak base and its salt, which is resistant to changes in pH. In other words, a buffer is an aqueous solution of either a weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base and its conjugate acid. A buffer may also be called a pH buffer, hydrogen ion buffer, or buffer solution. Buffers are used to maintain a stable pH in a solution, as they can neutralize small quantities of additional acid of base. For a given buffer solution, there is a working pH range and a set amount of acid or base that can be neutralized before the pH will change.  The amount of acid or base that can be added to a buffer before changing its pH is called its buffer capacity.   The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation may be used to gauge the approximate pH of a buffer.  In order to use the equation, the initial concentration or stoichiometric concentration is entered instead of the equilibrium concentration. The general form of a buffer chemical reaction is: HA â‡Å' H   A− Examples of Buffers blood - contains a bicarbonate buffer systemTRIS bufferphosphate buffer As stated, buffers are useful over specific pH ranges. For example, here is the pH range of common buffering agents: Buffer pKa pH range citric acid 3.13., 4.76, 6.40 2.1 to 7.4 acetic acid 4.8 3.8 to 5.8 KH2PO4 7.2 6.2 to 8.2 borate 9.24 8.25 to 10.25 CHES 9.3 8.3 to 10.3 When a buffer solution is prepared, the pH of the solution is adjusted to get it within the correct effective range. Typically a strong acid, such as hydrochloric acid (HCl) is added to lower the pH of acidic buffers. A strong base, such as sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH), is added to raise the pH of alkaline buffers. How Buffers Work In order to understand how a buffer works, consider the example of a buffer solution made by dissolving sodium acetate into acetic acid. Acetic acid is (as you can tell from the name) an acid: CH3COOH, while the sodium acetate dissociates in solution to yield the conjugate base, acetate ions of CH3COO-. The equation for the reaction is: CH3COOH(aq) OH-(aq) ⇆ CH3COO-(aq) H2O(aq) If a strong acid is added to this solution, the acetate ion neutralizes it: CH3COO-(aq) H(aq) ⇆ CH3COOH(aq) This shifts the equilibrium of the initial buffer reaction, keeping the pH stable. A strong base, on the other hand, would react with the acetic acid. Universal Buffers Most buffers work over a relative narrow pH range. An exception is citric acid because it has three pKa values. When a compound has multiple pKa values, a larger pH range becomes available for a buffer. Its also possible to combine buffers, providing their pKa values are close (differing by 2 or less), and adjusting the pH with strong base or acid to reach the required range. For example, McIvaines buffer is prepared by combining mixtures of Na2PO4 and citric acid. Depending on the ratio between the compounds, the buffer may be effective from pH 3.0 to 8.0. A mixture of citric acid, boric acid, monopotassium phosphate, and diethyl barbituic acid can cover the pH range from 2.6 to 12! Buffer Key Takeaways A buffer is an aqueous solution used to keep the pH of a solution nearly constant.A buffer consists of a weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base and its conjugate acid.Buffer capacity is the amount of acid or base that can be added before the pH of a buffer changes.An example of a buffer solution is bicarbonate in blood, which maintains the bodys internal pH. Sources Butler, J. N. (1964).  Ionic Equilibrium: A Mathematical Approach. Addison-Wesley. p.  151.Carmody, Walter R. (1961). Easily prepared wide range buffer series. J. Chem. Educ. 38 (11): 559–560. doi:10.1021/ed038p559Hulanicki, A. (1987). Reactions of acids and bases in analytical chemistry. Translated by Masson, Mary R. Horwood. ISBN 0-85312-330-6.Mendham, J.; Denny, R. C.; Barnes, J. D.; Thomas, M. (2000). Appendix 5. Vogels Textbook of Quantitative Chemical Analysis (5th ed.). Harlow: Pearson Education. ISBN 0-582-22628-7.Scorpio, R. (2000). Fundamentals of Acids, Bases, Buffers Their Application to Biochemical Systems. ISBN 0-7872-7374-0.

The 13 Best Campus Jobs for College Students

The 13 Best Campus Jobs for College Students SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips There are a lot of benefits to having a job while you’re a college student (besides just the extra cash, of course). Some of the most convenient jobs available are located right on campus. In this article, I’ll do a deep dive into the benefits of having a job in college before talking about exactly what you should look for to find good jobs for college students.Then I’ll get to the good stuff: a list of the best jobs out there and how to get one for yourself. Read on to learn more! Why Should You Have a Student Job, Anyways? So maybe you’re still on the fence when it comes to deciding whether a student job is right for you. It’s not a decision to be taken lightly - getting a job while you’re a full-time student isn’t for everyone - but there are definitely a ton of benefits to working while you’re in college. Here are the main benefits of finding a side gig. Make That Cash Perhaps the most obvious benefit that comes with a student job is, well, a paycheck. This money can help cover your personal expenses, pay for textbooks and transport, or even go towards tuition, room, and board. This can ease the financial burden of attending college, and maybe reduce the amount of money you owe in loans in the long run. The amount you can make will vary depending on a few important factors, including: Your hourly rate. Some jobs may start at minimum wage, but other positions that require more specialized work (think lab jobs, tutoring, etc.) could pay much more. The number of hours you work. You don’t want your schoolwork and extracurriculars to suffer, but you likely want to maximize the number of hours you work when possible. It'll take some trial and error to figure out how often you want to work. The average working student puts in about 19 hours a week,but you don't necessarily have to work as many hours to reap the benefits of a job. No matter your hourly salary or average number of hours per week, you’ll still be bringing in extra money (which is much better than no money). It’ll be up to you to figure out the balance between your school work and your job. You can read more about this balance by checking out our post on deciding whether to get a student job. Meet New People This is an especially relevant benefit for first-time college students who are looking to make new friends. If you get a job on campus, you’re likely to meet all sorts of people who you already go to school with.Depending on where you work, you may even get to meet university faculty, staff, or grad students. This could be a great opportunity for professional networking. I had a pretty awesome cafe job in college where I met a lot of new friends. I also interacted with professors, TAs, and graduate students regularly. It’s unlikely I would have been able to meet these people in any other setting. Build Your Resume College is the time when most people start to think about building professional experience.Good jobs for college students will help you develop skills and establish a professional reputation. You could start by looking for jobs that align with your professional goals and/or interests - for example, working in a lab in your academic department.If this isn’t a good option, don't worry! You can still build marketable skills for your resume with almost any job. Any leadership, management, or technical skill experiences, in particular, can help you get jobs in the future. Do Better in School This seems counterintuitive - how could a part-time job help you do better in school? It turns out that students who work about 12-15 hours a week do just as well or even better in school than those who don’t have a job. It may be that students who have student jobs are more ambitious or organized to begin with, which could explain why they tend to have better grades.Conversely, getting a job might force you to schedule your time a bit more wisely. There’s an old saying - if you want something done, ask a busy person to do it - that might apply in this case. Have Fun Not all good jobs for college students might be a blast, but if you’re working with a bunch of your peers, you’ll probably have a pretty good time while you work. A student job can serve as a great opportunity to socialize, and even to get away from schoolwork for a while. Back to my collegejob - not only did I have fun working with friends, but we also had parties and other get-togethers with co-workers after we’d closed up shop. Campus jobs can be pretty casual work environments, so it’s often appropriate (depending on the setting, of course) to take advantage of that in order to have a little fun. The Best On-Campus Student Jobs Nowthat we've talked about reasons to get a job, we can get to the list you've been waiting for: the best jobs you can find on campus.Although this list includes the most common positions available at schools, it isn't exhaustive - if you find a job you like that isn't listed here, it doesn't mean it's not a good opportunity! If you are interested in getting a student job, check out these greatpositions to look for. Administrative Assistant There are so many different places for a student to work as an admin assistant on campus. You find these jobs in places like libraries, academic departments, and admissions offices. Some busy professors might also seek personal admin assistants. These jobs probably won’t be very high-paying, but they tend to be low-stress and pretty casual. Ifyou work in an academic department that you’re interested in, you'll have the opportunity to develop some valuable professional connections. Barista I know this is the stereotypical college student job, but hear me out! If you’re a coffee lover (or even if you aren’t), working as abaristaat a college cafe can be a fun, rewarding, and social job. Working as abaristais good training if you want a supplemental part-time job after you graduate. Also, you might even get free coffee at work - it doesn’t get much better than that. Who doesn't want to learn to make a latte like this? Fitness Instructor Many colleges and universities have on-campus fitness centers that offer different types of classes, including yoga, pilates, Zumba, spin, and more. If you’re certified to teach any of these classes, and you enjoy exercise to begin with, you should definitely check this out. Fitness instructor jobs tend to pay a lot per hour, although you may not have the opportunity to work many hours per week. A huge benefit of a job like this? You can kill two birds with one stone: get your exercise in while you work! IT Assistant Schools always need IT help for students and faculty. You’d need some pre-existing skills in order to get a job like this, but if you’re good with computers or have even done IT work in the past, this would be a great fit. Check out your school's IT center for more info. Library Assistant Working in a library may not be very exciting, but it’s generally quiet and low-stress. Downtime is common, which means you can do homework and reading. There are also opportunities to interact with new and interesting people, especially if you chat with students and professors who are working on research.I worked in a library in college and made friends with an elderly librarian who liked to teach me words in Japanese!As "boring" as the library might be, you never know who you'll meet and what you'll learn. Lifeguard If you’re certified as a lifeguard, it’s a no-brainer to check out lifeguarding jobs. This suggestion only applies, obviously, if your school has pools on campus. Becauselifeguarding is a pretty specialized skill, you can expect these jobs to pay a bit more than your average student job. Mail Room Assistant Mail rooms areusually located very close to student dorms, which also makes them conveniently located if you need to run to work after you sleep through your alarm. But there are other benefits to working in the mail room - it's agreat way to meet other people on campus, for one. You also may have down time to work on other stuff, like catching up on your reading for classes. Museum Assistant Many colleges and universities have museums on campus, ranging from small specialized collections to huge, well-known galleries. If you're interested in any museum at your school - whether it's a museum of art, Semitic studies, natural history, Egyptology, or comparative zoology (the list goes on and on) - I would recommend stopping by to see if there are any available positions. I can't think of a cooler place to work! Research Assistant Research assistant jobs are great if you want to develop relationships with professors and/or grad students in your department. They're also a good way to explore interests in research and academia. A research assistant job might be very social (i.e. if you’re running research in the social sciences) or pretty solitary (i.e. if you’re working on an independent project in a chem lab). You may also have opportunities to develop very specialized skills, like using particular software programs or running special data analyses. These could serve you well when you apply to jobs in the future, even if they're just interesting things that set you apart from other applicants. Residential Advisor A residential advisor position is a good option for students who feel comfortable interacting with new people, solving social problems, and serving as part of a support network for their peers. Perks and benefits vary from school to school. You might not get paid in cash, but it’s common forresidential advisors to get free housing. In general, working as a residential advisor isn't a huge time commitment. Teaching Assistant (TA) Certain departments (most oftenmath and computer science departments) sometimes hire experienced upperclassmen to work as teaching assistants. This is obviously great teaching experienceand is a good option for students who are looking for a social, high-responsibility job in a subject that they like. It's also a great way to forge professional connections in your field. TAs responsibilities vary widely depending on their experience and the policies of the department and school - some might just grade papers whereas others might hold office hours or lead small classes. Teaching is a big responsibility, but it can also be a lot of fun. Tour Guide This is a very social job and is great for those who want to develop interpersonal and public speaking skills. If you work for the admissions office, you’ll get to interact with hundreds of students and parents that are interested in your school. There’s often summer work available, which is great if you want to take classes over the summer. It tends to pay pretty well, and many tour guides get to keep tips! Tutor Depending on what sort of organization you work for, this job may be one of the most lucrative options on this list. My only caveat? Freshmen don’t tend to have a ton of tutoring opportunities (because they’re at the bottom of the academic totem pole), but as students get older and take more classes, they develop more expertise in theirparticular majors. The more experience you have, the more in demand you'll be, the more money you can make. Because of this, tutoring tends to pay off even more if you stick with it through college (and even after you graduate). How Do You Find Campus Jobs? Excited to start working yet? Like I mentioned earlier, campus jobs tend to be a bit more casual than your average post-grad gig. That being said, there are a lot of things you should know about the process if you’re serious about seeking out a job. Here, I’ll go over the key things you should know about looking for jobs on your campus. These tips will get you started on the right track. Don't worry, the search won't be this hard. Use Your Personal Connections Your friends, classmates, and peers are all resources. They will be able to offer info on what jobs to check out (and what jobs to stay away from). If you're taking a class with a professor you like, don’t be afraid to approach them about lab or administrative openings. If they don’t have anything available, they could direct you to other professors that may need help. Familiarize Yourself With Campus Resources Chances are your school will have some sort of jobs database available. These databases tend to list both on-campus and off-campus jobs that would be appropriate for students. If you’re not sure how to access this, ask friends or classmates if they know where to find it. If you can’t get good info out of them, reach out to your school’s career center for more info. Check this database regularly - jobs on campus fill up fast, so if you see a job listing that interests you, pounce on it! Start the Process Early Campus jobs tend to hire pretty early in the semester, sostart looking for openings a few weeks before the semester starts. If you’re looking at something more specialized - a research assistant position, for example - don’t be afraid to reach out to professors and/or lab managers via email four to sixweeks before the start of the semester. Know Your Work Study Status Many jobs on campus prefer or require students to have federal work-study awards. You can check out your financial aid package to see if you have a work study award, and if so, how much you have available. If you don’t know how to access your financial aid award, call or email your financial aid officer. For more information on federal work study, check out ourcomplete guide to the program. Locking Down the Job You Want So you've checked out somejobs and found a listing that works for you. The next step is actuallygetting the job, right? The following tips will help you get the job you want if you're offered an interview on campus. Your default should be a professional demeanor and business casual attire.You may be able to dress down a bit depending on where/with whom you’re interviewing - for example, if you’re interviewing at a casual cafe with a student manager. Take your cues from your interviewer. If he or she is more personable and casual, you can let your guard down a bit. If he or she is maintaining a very professional distance, you should do the same. Prepare for the standard interview questions, as well as any specialized questions that apply to that specific job. Examples include: Why are you interested in this job? Why do you think you'd be a good fit for this position? What are your strengths and weaknesses? Be prepared for strange interview questions as well. Casual interviewers sometimes ask more unexpected questions as a way to gauge your personality and fit.When I interviewed for an on-campus cafe in college, I was asked some funny questions, including â€Å"If you were a pastry, which onewould you be and why?† If someone asks a creative question, feel free to get creative with your answers. Don't reveal information that's too personal in an interview, no matter how friendly or casual the setting. Topics that you should steer clear of include significant others, complaints about past job experiences, and family issues. Conversely, don't ask your interviewer about personal information- this can be very off-putting. The more practice you can do before an interview - whether you practice with friends or roommates, or you talk to yourself in the mirror - the better. And if you don't get your dream job after your first interview? Don't let that get you down. Almost everyone has experienced at least one professional rejection - sometimes, certain positions have too many qualified applicants. Think of each interview you complete as great practice for the next one you schedule! Interviews, a.k.a. an excuse you'd have to change out of your collegiate sweatpants. What's Next? If you're considering getting a job in college,you're also probably thinking about balancing your budget. Start by learning more about the federal work study program and the sorts of jobs you can get with a work study award. If you're using your campus job money to help fund your college expenses, we have a lot of great guides for you to check out. Start with our complete guide to paying for college, before learning more about paying for college without loans and paying for college without your parents' help. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Applied economic Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Applied economic - Assignment Example Given that model 2 is the correct model, the Gauss-Markov theorem tells me that the model’s ordinary least square estimators are the best estimators under classical linear regression models. This implies that the coefficients are the best for the model and the R2 is the highest that the model can attain (Wooldridge 102). Suppose a test was conducted on the hypothesis at 15 percent level of confidence and a p-value of 0.119 obtained, the test result would mean that no significant relationship exist. This is because for a two tailed test, implied by the alternative hypothesis that ÃŽ ²1≠ -3, then the confidence level for the test is 0.075. The p-value is therefore greater that the confidence level and this means that the null hypothesis is not rejected. Conducting the test 10 percent level could change the conclusion on significance. This is because of the associated increment in confidence interval that could extend to cover the critical value. Assuming that Ram (2009) is correct in his model in which openness is a significant factor to government’s expenditure, then expected value of error term in the model that omitted the openness variable cannot be zero and the expression is not valid. This is because of effects openness that was factored in the error term and meant that what was perceived to be the error term was not error but effects of an unidentified variable. Even though both models leads to rejection of the null hypothesis, the greater absolute t-statistic from model two offers better evidence for rejecting the null hypothesis because it would ensure rejection of the null hypothesis at a greater level of precision than would model 1. The greater absolute value of the statistic in model two explains this because greater statistic than a reference value implies significance. Suppose population is added to model 1, then

Capital Punishment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 2

Capital Punishment - Essay Example He says: â€Å"Contrary to major media bias, most Americans support the use of capital punishment.† Americans were of the view that Dzhokhar Tsarnaev should be sentenced to death if found guilty of bombing the Boston Marathon. The Americans also wanted James Holmes and rapist Ariel Castrol to face capital punishment if found guilty. Several politicians and governors in the United States have tried to repeal death penalty but citizens support it. These two authors have based their arguments on some specific aspects to support their stands and opinions. Capital punishment in other states The author who is against the death penalty in the first article says that capital punishment should be abolished in the United States because a majority of the world states have eliminated it. A research was done by Amnesty International and they found out that the United States is among the very few states that still practice this penalty. He is the view that the United States is against fundamentals of a civilization by saying that: â€Å"The fact that the United States is among this percentage should be disturbing to anyone who believes in the basics of a civilized society.† The author against capital punishment does not care whether the act is practiced in other states but he is majorly concerned with the idea of the free world or rather a freedom. He is after protecting the civil society and ensuring that every individual in the United States enjoys the freedom which is a fundamental human right.

A Woman To Her Lover Essay Example for Free

A Woman To Her Lover Essay Write a critical analysis of Christina Walshs poem A Woman to Her Lover. Compare and contrast the poem with others you have studied in the unit. Christina Walsh, a female poet, wrote the poem ‘A woman to her lover’ as a free verse. A free verse is a poem with an irregular stanza length, no rhyme scheme and no syllabus count. Writing it as a free verse reflects her point which is women is can change their attitude towards men. She broke all the rules of poetry, this shows that women do not have to be weak towards men, it does not have to be the same as tradition, the man does not have to control the women, they can have equal love. Stanza one in Christina Walsh’s poem suggests slavery. She uses the word ‘bond slave’, which means a slave that does something without saying anything. Christina Walsh uses an image of a war, ‘as conqueror to the vanquished’. As she is the defeated, then she is forced, which shows that they are enemies. She does not want to be possessed by any one, she refuses it, and ‘O Lover I refuse you!’ she also uses an exclamation mark that shows she is serious. Christina Walsh uses alliteration of the letter ‘b’ throughout the whole poem. This is called a labial plosive. ‘To bend†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢, ‘bond slave†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ and ‘to bear’ are used in stanza one, this shows that she is angry and being very assertive. ‘To bear your children, wearing out my life’ uses caesura to balance the two ideas. She is saying that if she gives him children, it is equivalent to wearing out her life. She tells him ‘O lover’ right after the caesura that makes the phrase very strong. It is emphasized. Stanza two in Christina Walsh’s poem suggests a very different idea. It shows that she does not want to be treated as an angel that never does any mistakes or to be worshiped as a goddess, no one is perfect and neither is she. ‘Go! I am no doll to dress and sit for feeble worship’, this shows that she thinks it is pathetic to treats someone like they are perfect and that they are just there to pleaseyou.Throughout the stanza, Christina Walsh uses alliteration in the letter ‘w’, ‘wed†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢, ‘word and wish’, ‘wingless†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ and ‘worship†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ This gives a soft sound that reflects how the man sees the women. She then uses the word ‘Go!’ to show that what she is saying is straightforward, which again shows that she is against being loved for her beauty and perfection. She then calls him a ‘fool’ and tells him again, ‘I  refuse you’. This shows that she is convinced with her point and the repetition shows that she I against both points she has mentioned. ‘Sonnet CXXX’ by William Shakespeare can be linked with the second stanza of Christina Walsh’s poem. They both agree about the same idea. They both suggest that women should not be loved for her beauty. At the beginning of the sonnet, the reader starts to feel that Shakespeare hates the women. He says ‘My mistress’ eyes are nothing like the sun’, this shows that she is not good looking; she is not beautiful. However, he concludes that even though she is not beautiful he loves her more than any beautiful girl has ever beenloved.The poem is a sonnet. This means it contains fourteen lines made up of three quatrains and a rhyming couplet at the end. Only in Shakespeare’s sonnets, the rhyming couplets conclude his point. It is also written in iambic pentameter. Shakespeare is against the idea of tradition and courtly love; he is against the idea that the man describes the women as if she is the most beautiful women on earth. He says that his love to his mistress is ‘rare’ even though he does not describe her as beautiful. Describing her as beautiful would be ‘false compare’. The third stanza in ‘A Woman to Her Lover’ Christina Walsh is trying to show us that she will not be a sex object that satisfies her husband’s desires, and neither will any women of her time. She says ‘not for you the hand of any wakened woman of our time’. She uses the word ‘wakened’ to show that this concept is not for any woman, it is for any aware and educated woman that knows her rights. Christina Walsh repeats the word ‘Or’ in both stanza two and stanza three. This shows that she has a list of ideas that she will make her refuse a man. She also uses the word ‘creature’. This shows that if she accepts the face that a man wants to marry her tofu fill his desires then that is not any better than animals.  She says ‘women of our time’ to show that this way of a relationship is old-fashioned and no one will accept, as now it is not the same as the olddays.The poem ‘To his coy mistress’ shows a teenager that is trying to convince his girlfriend to have sex with him. The boy gives her a list of reasons why she should have sex with him now.

In Our Time Reader Response :: time

In Our Time Reader Response "In the early morning on the lake sitting in the stern of the boat with his father rowing, he felt quite sure that he would never die" (19). The first four readings of In Our Time seem to be primarily focused on the life/death relationship that life presents. After reading the first story, I have to be perfectly honest in saying that I do not believe that I understood all of the underlining themes, but did start to focus more intently when the story describes the women on the pier with the dead babies. Automatically, this imagery made me think of the response passage from this set of reading. Denying oneself that death exists and that it, ultimately, a part of everyone's life seemed to be a common philosophic element that both of the stories possessed. Just as Nick reassured himself that the inevitable would never to him, the women on the pier with their six-day-dead (!) babies that "wouldn't give them up". I think that the connection to Hemingway's life in these elements possibly show or admit the Lost Generation's tendency to deny to themselves that they were susceptible to harm and death. An example of this is the char acter in Jack Kerouac's novel On the Road tended to lead a free and reckless lifestyle of drugs, partying, and freedom that seemed to have no limits or consequences. Another example of the life/death relationship that seems to be exemplified in the first four pieces of Hemingway's novel is the conflicts that arise during Indian Camp. Rather than Nick expressing the sole fact that he believes he is not going to die, I believe that, because of his father, he misunderstood the concept of dying. I believe that the passage that stated, "he felt quite sure that he would never die" was essentially a reaction to the pregnant woman's husband's suicide. Because that was the topic that arose during the story, I believe that Nick interpreted the situation that "death" was equal to "suicide" and, in believing that he would never commit suicide, ultimately believes that he will, thus, never die. I also believe that there is significance in the way in which Nick's father spoke to him while performing the C-section on the woman. He said something along the lines of "you can watch this or not" meaning that, even I Nick didn't watch his father perform the surgery, it was still taking place and, thus, just a part or fact of life.

Physical Education and Academic Achievement in 10th grade Essay

Physical education in high schools in the United States of America is the one branch of academic filed which is gaining fast attention on the side of the Government policy, the schools administration. More and more emphasis-shift is being observed toward orientation of the students and their parents with regard to the importance of physical education and its connection with real life, health, and, above all, with higher academic achievement. In schools, although all grades bear importance with relation to physical education and higher academic achievement and attendance rate, it is, however, the ninth and tenth-grades where there is a turning point for the students. Therefore, it is the time for the schools administration to pay more attention toward the planning and application of the physical education in these grades. â€Å"Physical activity is critical to the development and maintenance of good health. The goal of physical education is to develop physically educated individuals who have the knowledge, skills, and confidence to enjoy a lifetime of healthful physical activity† (aahperd. org) It is apt to say that the way their physical education is planned and implemented required different parameters. This is so because the demands of students are different. They need to be exposed to such physical activities which not only excite them but also create a sense of responsibility in them; the main focus of such activities should then be to prepare them for real-life situation and challenges. Read more:  Physical Education Essays The present paper examines the link between physical education in 10th-grade and higher academic achievement in secondary schools of the United States of America. It also focuses on the link between physical education and its advantages when it comes to higher attendance rate and so on. The paper also investigates the findings of some major studies conducted in the area of academic achievement and its hypothesized relationship with such other diverse areas as after-school pursuits, homework phenomena, types of activities in and out of school, cross gender and ethnicity issues. This is to give the reader a proper understanding of the major issues in the present debate of achievement in high school and particularly of the tenth-graders. Review of Literature Physical education is a â€Å"systematic instruction in sports, exercises, and hygiene given as part of a school or college program† (infoplease. com). Thus, there are certain goals to be met by implementing the physical education scenario. There have been considerable attempts in encircling the physical education curriculum in the United States of America. However, it is only recently that more and more emphasis is being laid on the importance of physical education and its link between higher academic achievement and proportionate significance of attendance rate. Since the year 1987, NASPE (the National Association for Sport and Physical Education) has been in constant pursuit in the updated information about the awareness in public of physical education in US education system. There are certain reservations that come to us in this regard. Three of them are mainly discussed in the present literature about physical education in the US educational system. These are: (1) There is no federal law, as yet, which says that physical education is to be provided to the students in the US education system; also there are not listed any incentives to offer physical education programs. 2) Although states may come up with some ground for the physical education policies, the state schools are free to work on their own in promoting, retaining, reducing the physical education portfolio in their own way. ) Another issue is that many states let go the responsibility for all content taught in schools to local school districts. (pe4life. com) The evidence is also found on other literature and net resources that plainly make it public that in the United States of America, physical education is not something prioritized. Even physical education in high school and elsewhere are â€Å"in sorry shape† and that the physical education â€Å"has been squeezed out of school by new curriculum requirements and other factors† (ducationworld. om). Apart from this, there is now word by such professionals as physicians who see that physical education is very necessary for a better future generation. More solid evidence comes form the Report to the President: Promoting Better Health for Young People through Physical Activity and Sports. In this report, Donna Shalala, Health and Human Services Secretary, and Richard Riley, Education Secretary, boldly wrote: â€Å"Our nation’s young people are, in large measure, inactive, unfit, and increasingly overweight. This report should stimulate action to make sure that daily physical activity for young people becomes the norm in our nation† (pe4life. com). Although we can see that today more and more attention is being paid to the physical education policy in US education system, there are grave critical areas that need to be addressed for a better physical education policy. For example there are trends of abating physical education time in schools because of pressure from academic side. This is very much a problem present in today’s education system. The simple fact is that more and more research findings are coming along with results that show that the old maxim â€Å"sound mind in a sound body† is aptly right. Thus it is now acknowledged that the students who are physically fit perform better on the academic side as well. In this connection we see that: â€Å"a 2002 California Department of Education study found a direct correlation between higher levels of physical fitness and higher academic test scores. According to Delaine Eastin, California State Superintendent of Public Instruction, â€Å"We now have the proof we’ve been looking for: students achieve best when they are physically fit† (pe4life. com (b)). As such, a new educational approach is now being said to be coming up on the educational front of the US schools that is called ‘total mind, total body educational approach’. In addition to the above, U. S. Surgeon General Report states that â€Å"Nearly two out of three adult Americans, or 130 million of us, are overweight or obese†; as such The health problems related to our growing girths are well known – more heart diseases, diabetes and other weigh-related ailments that send 300,000 Americans to an early grave every year. In fact, if childhood obesity continues to grow at current levels, some health officials contend, this generation of youngsters may actually have a shorter lifespan than their parents – a first in history† (smc. edu). When the report gives this alerting call to the nation, it is of much relief that in the same report the U. S. surgeons also carve out some strategies to overcome the problem. Among these strategies, the most prominent place is give to the physical education for the youths in the high schools. However, this is also not wrong to state that with the advent of the recognition of physical education in high schools, specially in ninth- and tenth-grades, another debate has taken birth: Whether or not physical education grade be included in high school students’ GPA. This school of thought considers that inclusion of physical education grades in student’s GPA will boost up students’ morale and will encourage them to do better in the physical education class because â€Å"Physical education is truly a microcosm of life, and every lesson taught has the potential to translate into the â€Å"real world† and prepare students to become healthy, productive members of society† (elibrary. bigchalk. com). Whatever the arguments are, we can be certain that in today’s literature about physical activity and high schools, physical education is something that needs more and more space in schools policies so that a better tomorrow can be handed down to our future generation that is already getting more pressure from academic side. If we look at the schools curriculum regarding physical education of ninth- and tenth-grades, we find that there are no serious attempts at defining the education. For example, a school in US states only three basic goals for physical education for the ninth- and tenth-grades (benton. k12. wi. us). Another school very shortly gives only the names of the physical activities to be observed by the students (rockingham. k12. va. us). This kind of treatment is in abundance and needs serious attention on the part of the government and school administrations to bring solid measures for the improvement in this area. Physical Education and Academic Achievement in 10th-grade When it comes to physical education in high schools, we find that it is very important for people who are in grades ninth and tenth because â€Å"This is an age when students begin to impose self-judgement in terms of accepting their physical appearance and their willingness to involve themselves in positive physical activities† (teacherweb. com). According to the Physical Activity and Health (a report of the surgeon genera) there is deep linkage between physical education and academic achievement. Physical education makes it possible for a better and healthy start in life enabling students to go for challenges that are not touched upon by those who are not active through physical activity. Moreover, the report suggests that schools should create such programs that can offer students opportunities by which they can get into physical activity. At this stage, this becomes more important because that report informs that as people grow, they show more and more declination in goring for physical activity: â€Å"Physical activity declines dramatically with age during adolescence† (cdc. gov). Thus, there is stark need that students of ninth and tenth-grade must be made aware of the importance of physical education and their academic achievement. The physical education should also be given priority by the school administration so that a sound educational environment can be achieved for healthier and academically better grounds for the students of high schools. This has been found through the research that physical activities may enhance cognitive functioning of the brain. This, as a result, may explain the relationship found between the students’ involvement in physical activities and their academic success (nps. 12. va. us). There are three major findings in the literature that relate physical activity involvement and the cognitive functioning. These are: 1) There is a significantly â€Å"positive relationship between physical activity and cognitive functioning in children†; 2) â€Å"Results support possibility that participation in physical activity causes improvements in cognitive function†; 3) â€Å"Acute bouts of physical activity exert short-term positive benefits on the behavioural and cognitive functioning of youths†; ) It has also been found that â€Å"Being on a school sports team and having a positive achievement orientation were positively associated with physical activity levels† (holidaycalendar. dsr. wa). Therefore, from this very analysis it becomes pretty clear that in 10th grade (or roughly in high school), physical education plays a very important role as far as the phenomena of long, healthy life is concerned; as far as real-life active participation by the youth is concerned; and, above all, their academic achievement is concerned. However, looking at the picture more closely, we find that the present scenario in the United States of America, when it comes to physical education, academic success, link between physical education and academic success and real-life situation; there are certain challenges present to the Government. For example, â€Å"Nearly half of young people aged 12-21 are not vigorously active on a regular basis and physical activity declines dramatically with age during adolescence† (arlington. k12. va. us). And this has surely given the government a call of high alert because it is simply suggested that less physical activity on the side of the youth will give rise to ailments that will in return proportionately affect academic achievement of the students. Thus, today we can see that the United States of America is building more solid policies for coping up with the situation. In this very connection, a recent example is the President’s Challenge program, which purely focuses on bringing the people of the U.  S. to the physical activity grounds so that a healthier society for the future can be the possibility. This is â€Å"a program that encourages all Americans to make being active part of their everyday lives. No matter what your activity and fitness level, the President’s Challenge can help motivate you to improve† (presidentschallenge. org). The Presidential Challenge program is all about remaining with an active lifestyle and the program specifically focuses on how to assess the citizens in this regard. This program also introduces some rewards for the participants of the program like PALA (Presidential Active Lifestyle Award (presidentschallenge. org). This simply gives us the idea that the government of the U. S. has come up with grave policies which focus on the physical fitness of the citizens for a better tomorrow and a healthy society. Physical Education and Academic Achievement Debate  There are different schools of thoughts within the research that circle around the relationship between academic achievement in students and such other phenomena as physical education, homework, social loafing, and so forth. A considerable area of research exists that especially takes into examination the students of eighth to tenth grade. For example the article After-school pursuits, ethnicity, and achievement for 8th- and 10th-grade students which is one of the remarkable piece showing the contribution of people like James B.  Schreiber , Elisha A. Chambers, Walberg, Paschal, & Weinstein, Cooper, and so on. Thus the proponents of homework suggest that â€Å"Homework has been shown to have a positive relationship with† academic achievement. And that there is also a proportionate difference between the amount of time spent on homework (After-School Pursuits). However, the other side of the pole comes up with the argument that there is not total contribution that can be related to homework alone when looking into the matter of higher academic achievement. This school of though aptly analyzes the effects of physical education on academic achievement of the students. For example, a research review by Holland and Andre in the year 1987 brought into their examination the relationship, if any, between physical education or athletic participation and academic achievement in the students. Their findings brought some more elements of debate in the intellectual circle because they found that there were sex-related differences among students as far as physical education and academic achievement is concerned. They reported that the research demonstrated that male high school athletes received somewhat higher grade point averages (GPAs) than did nonathletes. However, when one considers standardized achievement or aptitude tests, boys whose only after-school activity was sports scored lower than national averages on the Standardized achievement Test. No significant differences in GPAs or standardized tests were observed between female athletes and nonathletes† (After-School Pursuits).

Tasks Of The Early Childhood Educator Education Essay

One of the many undertakings of the early childhood pedagogue is to maintain abreast of current research developments in the field. Research on encephalon development, larning schemes, counsel techniques, and working with parents, and so forth has dramatically altered and hopefully improved pattern over the old ages. Undertaking Select three documents from any of the issues of Early Childhood Research & A ; Practice listed in the right-hand border. Lone documents are acceptable. â€Å" Features † or â€Å" Observations and Contemplations † are non allowed since they are non research based. Early on Childhood Research & A ; Practice Once you have selected three documents of involvement to you, and they need non cover the same subject, read them and so finish a brief reappraisal of each article. For each reappraisal, please utilize the lineation format below: Title and writer of article Brief sum-up of the article ( delight make non retype the abstract or the drumhead ; sum up the article in your ain words ) Purpose of the article Population studied Decisions presented in the article How you would use this research in an early instruction scene. Submission The article reappraisal is due in Assignments, Tests and Surveys on Tuesday, February 23rd by 11:30pm. This assignment is deserving 50 points. A 15-point late tax write-off will be taken for work submitted beyond the due day of the month. The last twenty-four hours to subject late work is May 18th at 11:30pm. The rating rubric that will be used to measure this assignment is located in Resources on the left-hand pilotage tree. Please note: Merely articles from the Early Childhood Research & A ; Practice Journal may be used. If articles from other beginnings are used, they will non be counted. All work must be original. Work plagiarized from any other beginning — that is taken and presented as the pupil ‘s ain when it was in fact written by person else — will ensue in a zero.A This includes copying and gluing content from any of the articles chose, or any other articles. In add-on, the plagiaristic work will be submitted to the Vice President of Student Services for his rating of academic dishonesty. Please be forewarned Title and writer of article â€Å" Fits and Anxiety in Early Childhood: A Pilot Study † Written by Gina Mireault and Jessica Trahan Brief drumhead Harmonizing to the writers of â€Å" Tantrums and Anxiety in Early Childhood: A Pilot Study, † the anxiousness of kids could hold a important relationship with the fits, every bit good as be factor that cause them. Analyzing fits and its factors is of import because of concerns about holding long permanent consequence in kids ‘s behaviour and guarantee the best signifiers to antagonize those. The survey ‘s information, gathered by the kids ‘s parents, utilizing steps as Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist ( CBCL ) and Tantrum Questionnaire, showed that there is n't any relationship that anxiousness could be a factor responsible for fits neither that have any connexion. However, the writers, concludes that consequences can alter since that population participated in this research was a little proportion and it ca n't be generalized, every bit good as because others question originate about if with different mechanism fits and anxiousness could be associated. Purpose of the article The intent of the article was to analyze the fits, as their factors and their facets ; a good as to decide the premise that anxiousness could be besides a factor that cause those frequent and common fits on kids. Furthermore, the survey besides would aim if the counteract actions to halt those could besides hold a relation with anxiousness. Population studied In this survey a little group participated ; integrated by 33 kids, 15 males and 18 females, between the ages of 3 and 5, and their several parents. Decisions presented in the article The research conclude that after garnering all the information with the aid of the kids ‘s parents, the survey showed that the fit ‘s frequence on the bulk of the kids studied was that fits occurred frequently and those were noticeable and deflecting. However, anxiousness was non found to be a factor that could do fits neither to hold any relation with the fits ‘ facets. Since, this research was non generalized and it pop out another of import inquiries, that writers suggest that consider that anxiousness could be link to fits and to care about the manner to manage kids ‘s fits. How you would use this research in an early instruction scene. This research was really interesting since it showed me some fits ‘ factors and the usual parenting signifiers to manage those. After to cognize that is true that there are non many researches on fits and if anxiousness could be an of import factor to do them ; I would genuinely be cognizant and consciously ascertained kids fits in my work puting as an early childhood instructor. Since, anxiousness could genuinely be a linked to fits, observation demands to be primary before I could move to a kid ‘s fits, so I can do a good pick to pull off those without impacting the kid in any manner. Title and writer of article â€Å" Who ‘s the Boss? Young Children ‘s Power and Influence in an Early Childhood Classroom. Written by Yoon-Joo Lee and Susan L. Recchia Brief sum-up of the article ( delight make non retype the abstract or the drumhead ; sum up the article in your ain words ) In the research â€Å" Who ‘s the Boss? Young Children ‘s Power and Influence in an Early Childhood Classroom, † authors Yoon-Joo Lee and Susan L. Recchia present their survey about the impact and the ways that kids ‘s power influence the schoolroom ‘ socialisation. Different illustrations where addressed about how the function of power of three preschool kids made a powerful influence towards their other schoolmates and sometimes towards their instructors. The kids ‘ power made instructors felt challenged by these kids and at times they might non even realize they were being influenced. The consequences showed that this powerful influence had an impact, both positive and negative. The writers suggest that teacher demand to analyse every state of affairs where powerful influence by kids could go on, to accomplish a balance of power where all the kids ‘s voices can be heard, and encouraged equal chance. Purpose of the article The intent was to analyze the kids ‘s influential power that is seen over other kids and over their ain instructors, every bit good as the consequence that it has within socialisation in a preschool category. Population studied Three preschool kids were studied, with the helped of two caput instructors that were able to reply interviews about this kids and themselves. Decisions presented in the article The writers conclude that Children ‘s influential power towards other kids could be positive, because it makes kids be engaged in some other enriched activities but besides this influential power can be negative because sometimes unfairness takes topographic point in some schoolroom activities by these influential kids. Furthermore, the writers addressed that instructor uncomfortable manner towards this kids ‘s behaviour could be based on the manner of the instructor ‘s thoughts of a democratic schoolroom, and the instructor ‘s manner to work out some state of affairss, non ever is the best manner, since in some of this state of affairss instructor may let some kids to hold more power than the others, even though this is non their purpose. How you would use this research in an early instruction scene. The article showed me many interesting illustrations of how some kids could hold influential power over other and even over teacher without these notice it. I have n't had the chance to witness this function of power by preschool kids, but I had observed some kids of my vicinity and it ‘s truly true how this power impact other kids in negative ways and positive every bit good. I would use this research as based to how to manage some powerful state of affairs by kids where I ‘ll making my practicum, so avoid the error of giving more power to some kids than other. Nevertheless, I will necessitate to be alert in every state of affairs, carefully detecting, to guarantee a democratic schoolroom environment. Title and writer of article Exposure to Media Violence and Other Correlates of Aggressive Behavior in Preschool Children Written by Laura A. Daly and Linda M. Perez Brief sum-up of the article Harmonizing to the writers of â€Å" Exposure to Media Violence and Other Correlates of Aggressive Behavior in Preschool Children, † the aggressive behaviour was led by the possible chief influence by Television force plans that preschool kids watched. Reaching methods found that watching violent Television plans is n't a chief beginning that produce a alteration on kids ‘s behaviour, nevertheless, it can act upon the kid ‘s behaviour with the accompany of other factors. Gender, male parent ‘s presence, female parent ‘s age, and a hapless self- ordinance were address to be other influential factors that contribute to an aggressive behaviour. Nevertheless, the writers conclude that since the kids are in the procedure of self-regulation that sum of violent Television plans seen by preschool kids have to be reduced. Purpose of the article The intent of the research was to happen out if force shows in telecasting scheduling could be related with violent aggression seen in preschool kids during their drama clip, every bit good as to analyze other factors and variables as the kid ‘s gender and age, that influence a alteration in the kids ‘s behaviour. Population studied The population that participated in the survey was integrated by 30 preschool instructors and 70 kids, 32 females and 38 males ; they were from seven different preschools, every bit good as the kids ‘s parents. Decisions presented in the article The force in telecasting that kids ticker was non the chief factor that made the kids act sharply during their drama times ; nevertheless it is an of import influential via that together with the low self-regulation that preschool kids have, together with gender, can carry on to hold an aggressive behaviour. Furthermore, research workers found that as the female parent age, kids ‘s age and the fact that kids were populating with both of their parents were the chief factors that led to hold a higher self- ordinance and for blink of an eye a better pro-social behaviour. How you would use this research in an early instruction scene. Reading through this research, it was possible to be cognizant about the factors that make kids act sharply during their clip to play. This research was really helpful every bit good in the fact that led instructors knows that we truly need to be a good support for kids in the manner as assistants for their development of their self- ordinance. Teachers know now that kids do non move sharply merely because they are been disrespectful ; alternatively this behaviour is influenced by many factors including their undeveloped prefrontal cerebral mantle. Teachers decidedly ca n't avoid kids to watch TVs plans that content force, nevertheless instructors can be a good support to assist them and steer them on commanding their behaviour.

Special Greetings in English for ESL Learners

Special Greetings in English for ESL Learners It is common to use a special greeting used just for that occasion on special days, holidays and other special occasions. Here are some of the most common: Birthdays Happy birthday!Best wishes/Good luck on your thirtieth (age - use an ordinal number) birthday!Many happy returns! Wedding/Anniversary Congratulations!Best wishes / good luck on your tenth (number - use an ordinal number) anniversary!Heres to many more happy years together (used when making a toast) Special Holidays Merry Christmas!Happy New Year/Easter/Hanukkah/Ramadan etc.All the best for a happy New Year/Easter/Hanukkah/Ramadan etc. When making special greetings to children on their birthday and at Christmas, it is also common to ask them what they received: Merry Christmas! What did you get from Santa Claus?Happy Birthday! What did your Daddy get for you? Special Occasions Congratulations on your promotion!All the best for your ...Im so proud of you! More Social Language Key Phrases IntroductionsGreetingsSpeaking to StrangersTraveling phrases

100+ Exciting STEM Careers (and the Highest-Paying Science Jobs)

100+ Exciting STEM Careers (and the Highest-Paying Science Jobs) SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Can’t get enough of physics, calculus, or computer science? Then a career in STEM sounds like it'd be the perfect fit for you. In this comprehensive guide, we go over the top 10 STEM careers and give you an even more extensive STEM careers list of more than 100 jobs. We'll then wrap up with a step-by-step guide to getting a STEM career. But first, what exactly is STEM? And what is a STEM career? What Is STEM? Overview STEM is a group of four academic and professional disciplines that stands for Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics. But STEM is more than just four separate, albeit somewhat related, scientific disciplines. As an educational approach, STEM centers around the idea of teaching students in an applied and interdisciplinary manner. What this means is that most college students who study a STEM major will take an array of classes that encompass all or almost all of these four fields. So, for example, if you’re majoring in a natural science subject like biology, you'll likely have to take classes in math and computers or technology (to conduct research or analyze experiments) so you can fully understand the different facets that go into studying biology and using it in your career. Here are some examples of popular STEM fields/majors: Astronomy Biology Chemistry Computer programming Computer science Earth sciences Engineering (all types) Geology Information technology Marine science Mathematics Physics Note that there's no hard-and-fast definition for what counts as a STEM field. Very generally speaking, any major that earns you a BS (Bachelor of Science), BAS (Bachelor of Applied Science), or BE (Bachelor of Engineering) can be said to be a STEM major. Below are examples of majors that sound like STEM fields but that we are not counting as STEM based on the fact they are generally associated with other types of majors and departments (such as business, humanities, social sciences, arts, and so on): Accounting Anthropology Architecture Economics Finance Medicine Political science Psychology It’s not innately wrong to consider some or all of the above majors STEM, but just know that not everyone will agree with you if you think your BA in Psychology is STEM. If you’re curious, you can look at this list of majors, which details how the US government defines STEM (for the record, they don’t consider most of the ones listed directly above STEM!). Sorry, guys, but we're not counting medicine as a STEM field. What Is a STEM Career? Now that we’ve gone over what STEM is and what counts as a STEM field and major, let’s answer another question: what is a STEM career exactly? The simple definition is that STEM jobs are any positions in the fields of science, technology, engineering, and math. More specifically, though, STEM careers are jobs that focus almost entirely on utilizing the skills you’ve gained in your particular field, either through your education or your previous work experience (or both). STEM jobs can be found across an array of sectors, from private businesses, to big corporations, to nonprofits, to government jobs. They can also encompass a wide range of duties, such as the design of computer applications, scientific research, equipment design and testing, etc. Requirements for STEM jobs can vary dramatically, but the truth is that many STEM careers do not even require a bachelor’s degree as long as you have the skills and experience necessary to do the tasks required of you. That said, and as we’ll see in the next sections, a bachelor’s or graduate degree can drastically raise your earning potential. So what’s the point of STEM careers? And why are so many people talking about the importance of STEM jobs these days? For one, STEM careers are booming, with high employment growth rates projected through 2020 and sustained above-average growth, as reported by the US Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). This, combined with the fact that our society is becoming more and more reliant on technology, is why the US government is making such a candid effort to incentivize students to pursue STEM careers. In addition, STEM jobs are some of the most lucrative jobs available. According to the BLS, the median annual salary in 2018 for people with STEM jobs was $84,880, while the median salary for non-STEM jobs was $37,020. This indicates that people with STEM careers typically make more than twice what those with non-STEM jobs make! Top 10 Highest-Paying Science Jobs and STEM Careers We know that there are tons of great STEM jobs out there, but which ones will earn you the most money? We've looked at several best STEM careers lists from websites such as US News and Forbes, as well as the BLS, to find the top 10 STEM careers, which we introduce to you below in order of highest median salary to lowest. Note that the current average employment growth rate is 7%, so STEM jobs with rates higher than this are growing at a faster-than-average pace. #1: Computer and Information Systems Managers Median Salary (2018): $142,530 Employment Outlook (2016-2026): 12% Minimum Degree Required: Bachelor’s degree Computer and information systems managers coordinate an array of computer-related activities and implement computer systems for a business or organization. They also determine personnel needs, direct and supervise the work of other IT professionals, learn about new technologies and think of ways to apply them, and look for potential upgrades to existing technology. There are several types of computer and information systems managers you can be: Chief information officer Chief technology officer IT director IT security manager This job, which is also called a technology manager or IT manager, is usually reserved for those with at least five years of relevant work experience. In other words, this STEM position is not typically open to entry-level workers, and you’ll have to instead build your way up to this position by first taking on other roles related to computers and information systems. Most computer and information systems manager jobs require applicants to have at least a bachelor’s degree, preferably in a related field, such as information systems, information technology, or computer science. A master’s degree or higher in a relevant field could increase your earning potential and make you stand out from other applicants. Computer and information systems managers are great with computers ... and not knocking over soda, apparently. #2: Petroleum Engineers Median Salary (2018): $137,170 Employment Outlook (2016-2026): 15% Minimum Degree Required: Bachelor’s degree Petroleum engineers work with specialists to create, design, and develop ways to extract oil and gas from deposits in the ground, both on land and at sea. They can work in offices and at drilling sites; travel is typically a big part of the job since petroleum engineers will often need to meet with clients and other engineers. Petroleum engineers also find cost-saving methods for drilling oil and gas reservoirs, and review the geological formation of a site to determine the best ways to approach it. There are various job titles for petroleum engineers: Completions engineer Drilling engineer Production engineer Reservoir engineer You’ll normally need to have a bachelor’s degree in petroleum engineering, though a major in another engineering field, such as civil, chemical, or mechanical, could be sufficient for a particular job. Some petroleum engineering jobs will prefer candidates with a graduate degree in (petroleum) engineering. #3: Physicists and Astronomers Median Salary (2018): $9,580 Employment Outlook (2016-2026): 14% Minimum Degree Required: Doctoral or professional degree Physicists and astronomers study the ways different forms of energy and matter interact with one another and might also research the origins of the universe or the function of time in an effort to develop and build upon scientific theories. These types of scientists often conduct experiments using innovative technologies, from lasers to particle accelerators; they also sometimes teach physics or astronomy at the postsecondary level. Physicists work in offices, observatories, and laboratories. Popular employers include universities and the federal US government. Here are some of the most common types of physicists and astronomers: Astrophysicists Condensed matter and materials physicists Medical physicists Particle and nuclear physicists Cosmologists Optical and radio astronomers In order to become a physicist or astronomer, you’ll need to earn a doctorate, usually a PhD in Astronomy or a PhD in Physics. Unfortunately, the bulk of astronomers' jobs these days entails reminding certain folks that the Earth is, in fact, round. #4: Computer and Information Research Scientists Median Salary (2018): $8,370 Employment Outlook (2016-2026): 19% Minimum Degree Required: Master’s degree Computer and information research scientists come up with new approaches to and new uses for computers and information technology. They solve different computing issues for businesses and organizations, and also invent computer languages, software, hardware, and other tools. The primary goal of these types of scientists is to improve computing efficiency for people and businesses. Several specializations are available: Data science Robotics Programming To become a computer and information research scientist, you must typically have a master’s degree in computer science, computer engineering, or a related field. #5: Aerospace Engineers Median Salary (2018): $5,220 Employment Outlook (2016-2026): 6% Minimum Degree Required: Bachelor’s degree As an aerospace engineer, you’ll design airplanes and other aircraft, spacecraft, satellites, missiles, and so on. You’ll also work on developing new aerospace technology and test prototypes of these products to ensure they function correctly. Aerospace engineers work in industries such as national defense, research and development, manufacturing, and design. There are two main types of aerospace engineers: Aeronautical engineers (people who work with aircraft) Astronautical engineers (people who work with spacecraft) The vast majority of aerospace engineers have a bachelor’s degree in aerospace engineering or a related field. Some engineers might also need to getspecial security clearance if working for the US government on national defense systems. #6: Computer Hardware Engineers Median Salary (2018): $4,600 Employment Outlook (2016-2026): 5% Minimum Degree Required: Bachelor’s degree Being a computer hardware engineer involves researching, developing, and testing computers and related equipment for the military, commercial businesses, organizations, and scientific research. These engineers often install computers and supervise product installation. Computer hardware engineers differ from software developers in that they work with the external components of computers rather than the internal workings. California has one of the highest employment levels of computer hardware engineers and also offers the highest wages. To become a computer hardware engineer, you’ll need a bachelor’s degree in computer engineering, computer science, or electrical engineering. Computer hardware engineers deal with these thingies (is it that obvious I wasn't a STEM major?). #7: Computer Network Architects Median Salary (2018): $109,020 Employment Outlook (2016-2026): 6% Minimum Degree Required: Bachelor’s degree The primary duty of computer network architects is to develop and design data communication networks- such as intranets, wide area networks, and local area networks- in order to meet the needs of clients and businesses. Network architects can work with small networks (e.g., connections between two offices) or much larger networks and capabilities (e.g., cloud infrastructures). They also often work in tandem with other specialists, such as computer system administrators and information systems managers, to ensure they are satisfying the needs of their clients and maintaining efficiency. Most computer network architects hold a bachelor’s degree in a computer-related field, such as computer science or computer engineering. #8: Nuclear Engineers Median Salary (2018): $107,600 Employment Outlook (2016-2026): 4% Minimum Degree Required: Bachelor’s degree Nuclear engineers design and research tools, processes, and systems that make use of radiation and nuclear energy, usually for medical instruments and treatments or to develop nuclear power sources for spacecraft and ships. In addition, these engineers write instructional manuals, gather data, and test the efficacy of new methods for utilizing nuclear energy and material. In order to work full-time as a nuclear engineer, you’ll typically need to have a bachelor’s degree in nuclear engineering or another engineering field. Be aware that some entry-level jobs in the field might require a master’s degree or higher. Lots of people likely imagine this when they hear the word "nuclear." But, in reality, nuclear engineers do a lot of amazing things for people struggling with certain diseases. #9: Software Developers Median Salary (2018): $105,590 Employment Outlook (2016-2026): 24% Minimum Degree Required: Bachelor’s degree Software developers design, develop, and test different computer applications and programs for use on computers, phones, tablets, etc. This job is especially ideal for creative, tech-savvy people, as it provides you with complete control of the entire creative process when it comes to making new software that people will actually use. In addition, it’s currently one of the most popular STEM careers. Software developers are in charge of making improvements to existing software, responding to clients’ needs, and creating upgrades and bug fixes. Developers may or may not write the codes themselves for the software they create (if not, they’ll usually have programmers do it). There are two main types of software developers: Applications software developers (those who design computer applications) Systems software developers (those who design entire operating systems) Most software developer positions require candidates to have a bachelor’s degree in computer science or a related field. #10: Chemical Engineers Median Salary (2018): $104,910 Employment Outlook (2016-2026): 8% Minimum Degree Required: Bachelor’s degree Chemical engineers use math, chemistry, physics, and biology to solve problems that involve the application and production of chemicals. Specific duties include testing production methods, designing equipment and manufacturing processes, and directing facility operations. The majority of chemical engineers work in laboratories and offices; they also visit refineries and industrial plants, among other places, to address issues and manage operations. Other duties include coming up with safety procedures, conducting research, and troubleshooting problems. Chemical engineers have the option to specialize in specific processes or fields. To be a chemical engineer, you’ll need to have at least a bachelor’s degree in chemical engineering or another type of engineering. Get ready for our huge STEM careers list! Complete STEM Careers List: 100+ Job Options Below, we give you an extensive STEM careers list with more than 100 STEM jobs to choose from. Feel free to browse this list to get a feel for what kind of career you might want to have or would like to learn more about. All jobs are listed in alphabetical order. Note that educational requirements for the following STEM careers can vary widely, from a high school diploma, to a bachelor’s degree in a related field, to a doctorate. You can learn more about the prerequisites for STEM jobs you’re curious about by referring to the BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook. Aerospace engineer Agricultural engineer Aircraft mechanic Animal breeder Animal scientist Architectural and engineering manager Astronomer Atmospheric and space scientist Automotive engineer Avionics technician Bioacoustic researcher Biochemical engineer Biochemist Biofuels processing technician Biofuels production manager Bioinformatics scientist Biological technician Biologist Biomedical engineer Biophysicist Biostatistician Cartographer/photogrammetrist Chemical engineer Chemical plant and system operator Chemical technician Chemist Civil engineer Climate change analyst Clinical data manager Computational research scientist Computer and information research scientist Computer and information systems manager Computer hardware engineer Computer network architect Computer programmer Computer systems analyst Computer user support specialist Conservation scientist Cost estimator Crystallographer Cybersecurity analyst Database administrator Electrical engineer Electromechanical engineering technician Electronics engineer Entomologist Environmental engineering technician Environmental (restoration) planner Environmental scientist Fiber optic technician Food scientist Forensic biochemist Geneticist Geologist Geoscientist Health and safety engineer Herpetologist Hydrologist Industrial engineer Industrial engineering technician Information security analyst Information technology specialist Manufacturing engineer Marine engineer/naval architect Marine geophysicist Market research analyst Materials engineer Materials scientist Mathematical technician Mathematician Mechanical engineer Mechatronics engineer Medical scientist Meteorologist Microbiologist Microsystems engineer Mining and geological engineer Molecular and cellular biologist Nanosystems engineer Natural sciences manager Nuclear engineer Nuclear equipment operation technician Nuclear monitoring technician Operations research analyst Park naturalist Petroleum engineer Photonics engineer Physicist Postsecondary teacher/professor Power plant operator Precision agriculture technician Product safety engineer Quality control analyst Quantitative analyst Remote sensing scientist and technologist Remote sensing technician Robotics engineer Robotics technician Security management specialist Seismologist Software developer Soil and plant scientist Soil and water conservationist Solar energy systems engineer Statistician Submarine sonar technician Survey researcher Telecommunications engineering specialist Toxicologist Transportation engineer Transportation planner Validation engineer Water resource specialist Water treatment plant operator Water/wastewater engineer Wildlife conservationist Wind turbine service technician Zoologist This little guy can tell you how to get a job in STEM- as long as you charge his battery first. How to Get a STEM Career: 8 Essential Steps If you’ve decided you want a STEM career, great! But how can you prepare yourself for one? What classes do you need to take, and what colleges should you apply to? Lastly, how can you look for STEM jobs in your field? Here, we've created a step-by-step guide- starting with high school and going all the way through college- to help you ultimately secure a career in STEM. In High School This might come as a surprise, but STEM careers for people often begin as far back as high schoolwhen you can first explore the various STEM topics and start thinking about what fields you’re most interested in pursuing long-term. Step 1: Take Lots of STEM Classes and Do Well in Them High school STEM classes can feel a bit limited compared with those offered by colleges, but your school will likely still have a decent array of options. Besides the science and math classes all students must take (usually this will be biology, chemistry, physics, algebra, geometry, pre-calculus, and calculus), you should make an effort tofit in at least two to three STEM electives, particularly in topics you're passionate about or really interested in. Here areexamples of possible STEM classes you could take in high school, depending on what your school offers: Agriculture App development Astronomy Botany Computer math Computer programming Computer repair Earth science Environmental science Geology Marine biology Oceanography Statistics Web design Web programming Zoology If you’re particularly strong in a certain STEM topic, such as physics or calculus, you should also consider taking the AP or honors level of that class (and then taking the AP test for it, too!). Here are all AP classes and exams that focus on STEM topics: AP Biology AP Chemistry AP Environmental Science AP Physics 1: Algebra-Based AP Physics 2: Algebra-Based AP Physics C: Electricity and Magnetism AP Physics C: Mechanics AP Calculus AB AP Calculus BC AP Computer Science A AP Computer Science Principles AP Statistics Remember that it’s not just about exposing yourself to new STEM topics or taking as many STEM classes as possible- you should also work hard to earn good grades in your STEM classes (in all your classes, really) so you can ultimately get into a great college. Don't skip chemistry class in high school if you want to get into STEM! Step 2: Start Thinking About Your Interests As you take STEM classes throughout high school, spend some time thinking hard about which topics you like more than others and what you could see yourself studying in college (and using in a future career). For example, maybe you find calculus a bit boring but get excited about developing new apps and computer programs. In this case, you’ll want to try to steer your focus more toward classes in app development, computer science, and related topics than those with a heavier math emphasis. If you’re still unsure what type of STEM field you want to focus on but know that you enjoy STEM as a whole, that’s perfectly fine- just continue taking a range of STEM classes so you can start to work out what appeals to you the most. Step 3: Ace the SAT/ACT Math and Science Sections Getting into a top college isn’t just about having a good GPA and taking lots of difficult classes but also getting an impressive SAT/ACT score. If you’re hoping to enter STEM, you’ll want to get an especially high score on the SAT Math section or the ACT Math and Science sections (the SAT does not have a Science section as the ACT does). Earning top scores on these sections- regardless of which test you decide to take- will prove to colleges that you’re ready for the challenges of a STEM major and a STEM career. While the Math and Science sections should be most important to you, don’t neglect to study for the other sections on the test (i.e., Reading and Writing on the SAT, and Reading and English on the ACT). Check out our ultimate SAT/ACT study guides for more tips on how you can get a great SAT/ACT score. Step 4: Apply to Colleges With a Program for Your STEM Field By the beginning of your senior year of high school, you should start to have a pretty clear idea of what STEM field you like most and would like to study further. As you begin applying to colleges, make sure to look for schools that specifically offer (or, even better, specialize in) the STEM topic you want to major in or are thinking of majoring in. For instance, it might not actually be the best choice to apply to your local university if it doesn’t offer the STEM major or classes you want. If you’re still unsure what you want to major in or are interested in many STEM topics, it’s best to apply to colleges that offer a big array of STEM majors and classes. These schools will usually be STEM-oriented colleges and engineering schools, such as MIT, Caltech, and Georgia Tech. Refer to US News for a list of the best undergraduate engineering programs to get a feel for what schools are known for what types of engineering/STEM topics. Forbes also offers a detailed list of the 25 best STEM colleges. The universal facial expression of college students majoring in STEM. In College You’ve now completed high school and are moving on to college. Congratulations! In this section, we'll go over the four steps you should take as an undergraduate to ensure you’re on track to getting the STEM career you want. Step 5: Consider What Kind of STEM Career You Want College offers lots of freedom in terms of the classes you can choose, so use this time to really think more about what kinds of STEM jobs you might be interested in. For example, maybe you enjoyed math in high school but weren't sure if math as a whole was the field you wanted to get into. In college, your class options will be a lot more plentiful: you will likely be able to take courses in math topics that weren’t available to you in high school, such as abstract algebra, discrete mathematics, or differential equations. Taking these classes in college can help you determine whether math is truly the right STEM field for you. In short, the more STEM classes you take (and enjoy taking!), the more clearly you’ll be able to begin visualizing the kind of STEM career you want to have. Step 6: Declare a Major If you haven’t done so already, start thinking about what your STEM major will be and make an official declaration when you’re sure it’s what you want to study and what you want to have a career in. If you’re still undecided after a year or two of college, consider making an appointment with your academic advisor or college career center to help you figure out what majors and STEM careers might be a good fit for you based on the classes you’ve taken and liked. Don't forget that you can always change your major if you end up deciding that the one you initially chose is not actually the best fit for you and your career goals (though this might mean you’ll be in college longer than four years). Alternatively, you can double major if there's more than one (STEM) topic that interests you and if you want to give yourself even more potential career paths. Don't worry if you're not sure what to major in- you can always double major in two STEM fields, or one STEM field and one non-STEM field! Step 7: Accumulate Professional Experience Try to take advantage of your summers off by doing a STEM-oriented internship, working a part-time STEM job, or conducting research. Although work experience isn’t an absolute necessity for getting a great STEM job after graduation, it can certainly help in terms of raising your salary potential and making you stand apart from other applicants. Internships and jobs can also help you figure out what STEM topic to major in if you have yet to declare one (see Step 6). Remember that working STEM jobs, even if they only last one summer, can lead to some amazing opportunities for networking, which you can take advantage of later on when applying for jobs. Step 8: Look for STEM Jobs As you enter your final year of college, it’s time to start actively applying to STEM jobs (or STEM grad programs, depending on whether you need an advanced degree for your field). There are many resources you can use to look for STEM jobs: Current or previous employer(s): If you have completed or are presently in a STEM-related internship or job, you can use this professional connection to see whether there are any full-time jobs available there or at a similar company. STEM professors, peers, and alumni: People in your own circles can be great resources for landing STEM jobs. Ask professors and classmates whether they have any job leads. You can also meet with alumni to see what kinds of career paths they ended up having after college. College career center: Don’t pass up this resource! Your school’s career center can give you tons of advice for making your resume stand out and finding STEM jobs that fit your goals. LinkedIn: If you haven’t already, create a LinkedIn account. This website is excellent for searching for STEM jobs, connecting with people in your field and at your college, and just generally making yourself known. Hacker News: This website is geared toward computer science and entrepreneurship and offers an updated job board for those looking specifically for STEM careers. MAA Classifieds: Established by the Mathematical Association of America, this job-search website allows you to search for an array of math and STEM jobs by title or location. Science Careers: This careers board for those looking to get jobs in the fields of science and technology is a joint effort of the journal Science and the American Association for the Advancement of Science. AWIS Career Center: This job-search site geared toward women in STEM and made by the Association for Women in Science lets you search for STEM careers by keyword, location, or industry. The trick to getting a STEM job is to apply to as many as possible and be prepared for some setbacks- indeed, it's not at all rare to have to send out dozens of applications before you even land an interview, so don’t feel discouraged! The biggest piece of advice I can give recent college graduates and those about to graduate is to just keep moving forward- you'll get a job offer eventually! Recap: What Is a STEM Career and How Can You Get One? STEM is an acronym for the academic disciplines of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics; thus, STEM careers are any jobs that are based in one or more of these four fields. At present, STEM jobs are experiencing a large boom, with high employment growth projected for the next decade and loads of high-paying jobs. Based on our analysis of many STEM jobs lists and BLS data, we’ve determined that the 10 highest-paying science jobs and STEM careers are currently as follows (in order of highest median salary to lowest): Computer and information systems managers Petroleum engineers Physicists and astronomers Computer and information research scientists Aerospace engineers Computer hardware engineers Computer network architects Nuclear engineers Software developers Chemical engineers There are many more STEM jobs available than just these 10. Above, we’ve given you an extensive STEM careers list containing 100+ jobs for you to consider. There are many steps involved when it comes to getting a STEM career. To review, these steps are as follows: In High School Step 1: Take lots of STEM classes and do well in them Step 2: Start thinking about your interests Step 3: Ace the SAT/ACT Math and Science sections Step 4: Apply to colleges that teach your STEM topic In College Step 5: Consider what kind of STEM career you want Step 6: Declare a major Step 7: Accumulate professional experience Step 8: Look for STEM jobs Now that you've learned all there is to know about establishing a STEM career, get out there and start making your dreams a reality! What’s Next? What is a STEM degree and how can you know if it's the right major for you? Our guide offers expert tips for helping you decide whether STEM is the best choice for your studies. To get into a great college as a STEM major, you need to have amazing SAT/ACT scores in the Math and Science sections.Our in-depth guides to getting a perfect score in SAT Math, ACT Math, and ACT Science will teach you our very best secrets for acing these tricky sections. Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Tweet Hannah Muniz About the Author Hannah received her MA in Japanese Studies from the University of Michigan and holds a bachelor's degree from the University of Southern California. From 2013 to 2015, she taught English in Japan via the JET Program. She is passionate about education, writing, and travel. Get Free Guides to Boost Your SAT/ACT Get FREE EXCLUSIVE insider tips on how to ACE THE SAT/ACT. 100% Privacy. No spam ever. hbspt.forms.create({ portalId: '360031', formId: '2167ba30-e68e-4777-b88d-8bf3c84579af', formInstanceId: '2', submitButtonClass: 'btn-red-light btn', target: '#hubspot-container2', redirectUrl: 'http://ww2.prepscholar.com/blog-subscribe-thank-you', css: '.post-bottom .hs-form.stacked label {display:none;} .post-bottom .hs-form.stacked .field div.input {padding-top: 55px; padding-left: 300px;} .post-bottom .hs-input {width: 220px} .post-bottom .btn-primary, .hs-button.primary {margin-top:0px; padding-left:350px} .post-bottom .hs-form-field {margin-bottom:5px}' }); $(function(){ $(".exclusive-tip-form #hubspot-container2 label").hide(); }); function replace_tag(a, b){ $(a).each(function(index) { var thisTD = this; var newElement = $(""); $.each(this.attributes, function(index) { $(newElement).attr(thisTD.attributes[index].name, thisTD.attributes[index].value); }); $(this).after(newElement).remove(); }); } $(function(){ replace_tag($(".posts-by-topic h3"), "h2"); }) Ask a Question BelowHave any questions about this article or other topics? Ask below and we'll reply! Search the Blog Search jQuery(function(){ var $ = jQuery; var url = 'http://google.com/search?q=site:' + location.protocol + '//' + location.hostname + ' '; var $searchModule = $('.hs-search-module.d713318c-f43b-4cb1-9bcf-dfd468cf4bff'); var $input = $searchModule.find('input'); var $button = $searchModule.find('.hs-button.primary'); if (false) { $input.val(decodeURIComponent(location.pathname.split('/').join(' ').split('.').join(' ').split('-').join(' ').split('_').join(''))); } $button.click(function(){ var newUrl = url + $input.val(); var win = window.open(newUrl, '_blank'); if (win) { //Browser has allowed it to be opened win.focus(); } else { //Browser has blocked it location.href = newUrl; } }); $input.keypress(function(e){ if (e.keyCode !== 13) return; e.preventDefault(); $button.click(); }); }); Improve With Our Famous Guides SATPrep ACTPrep For All Students The 5 Strategies You Must Be Using to Improve 160+ SAT Points How to Get a Perfect 1600, by a Perfect Scorer Series: How to Get 800 on Each SAT Section: Score 800 on SAT Math Score 800 on SAT Reading Score 800 on SAT Writing Series: How to Get to 600 on Each SAT Section: Score 600 on SAT Math Score 600 on SAT Reading Score 600 on SAT Writing Free Complete Official SAT Practice Tests What SAT Target Score Should You Be Aiming For? 15 Strategies to Improve Your SAT Essay The 5 Strategies You Must Be Using to Improve 4+ ACT Points How to Get a Perfect 36 ACT, by a Perfect Scorer Series: How to Get 36 on Each ACT Section: 36 on ACT English 36 on ACT Math 36 on ACT Reading 36 on ACT Science Series: How to Get to 24 on Each ACT Section: 24 on ACT English 24 on ACT Math 24 on ACT Reading 24 on ACT Science What ACT target score should you be aiming for? ACT Vocabulary You Must Know ACT Writing: 15 Tips to Raise Your Essay Score How to Get Into Harvard and the Ivy League How to Get a Perfect 4.0 GPA How to Write an Amazing College Essay What Exactly Are Colleges Looking For? Is the ACT easier than the SAT? A Comprehensive Guide Should you retake your SAT or ACT? When should you take the SAT or ACT? Michael improved by 370 POINTS! Find Out How Stay Informed Get the latest articles and test prep tips! Looking for Graduate School Test Prep? Check out our top-rated graduate blogs here: GRE Online Prep Blog GMAT Online Prep Blog TOEFL Online Prep Blog